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Nationalism was the dominant force but most of the countries had ethnic or religious minorities who felt threatened by majority elements. [citation needed] The communists had a natural reservoir of popularity in that they had destroyed Hitler and the Nazi invaders. Division of Crimea (permanent population, monthly data 2014) Cities & towns (1146 KB) City districts; All places: 1989, 2001 census (present population) All places: 1989, 2001 census (permanent population) Ethnic composition of Kiev: 1919 city census (in Russian) Ethnic composition: 2001 census (4450 KB) Linguistic composition: 2001 census All the countries in Eastern Europe adopted communist modes of control. Finally, they engaged in large-scale ethnic cleansing, moving ethnic minorities far away, often with high loss of life. "Serfdom: Eastern Europe." This division dominated Europe for centuries, in opposition to the rather short-lived Cold War division of 4 decades. Instead, they participated in the Molotov Plan, which later evolved into the Comecon (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance). That growth will pass Eastern Europe by. The mainly Greek-speaking eastern provinces had formed the highly urbanized Hellenistic civilization. As in other countries of Eastern Europe, in Russia there are few Africans. The economic changes were in harmony with the constitutional reforms: constitutional provisions on public finances can be identified and, in some countries, a separate chapter deals with public finances. The central banks are independent state institutions, which possess a monopoly on managing and implementing a state's or federation's monetary policy. New countries included Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine (which was soon absorbed by the Soviet Union), Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. [3][4] Another definition was created during the Cold War and used more or less synonymously with the term Eastern Bloc. Europe has lost almost 60% of its Jewish population over the past 50 years, mainly as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union after which many Jews left eastern Europe … 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060 2065 2070 2075 2080 2085 2090 2095 2100 220,170,508 Population. For forecasted years, the U.N. medium-fertility variant is used. Many countries of this region joined the European Union, namely Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. [51] In some areas, as in the Sudetenland, regions of Poland, and in parts of Slovenia, German speakers constituted the local majority, creating upheaval regarding demands of self-determination. All three states participate in the Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations: Some European republics of the former Soviet Union are considered a part of Eastern Europe: The term "Central Europe" is often used by historians to designate states formerly belonging to the Holy Roman Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the western portion of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The country’s Jewish population has grown in recent years due to immigration by Jews from Eastern Europe. It also shares a maritime border with Sweden. Tax revenues expose typically 15–19 % of the GDP, and rates above 20% only rarely can be found. [4], Historians and social scientists generally view such definitions as outdated or relegated. Slovenia's capital city, Ljubljana, has a walkable historic district with picturesque … [12] The solidification of the idea of an "Eastern Europe" dates back chiefly to the (French) Enlightenment. miles). [46] During the late-sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries, Eastern Europe enjoyed a relatively high standard of living. The largest Jewish communities in this area were in Poland, with about 3,000,000 Jews (9.5%); the European part of the Soviet Union, with 2,525,000 (3.4%); and Romania, with 756,000 (4.2%). [citation needed] Their goal was to guarantee long-term working-class solidarity.[54][55]. In Eastern Europe, a once large and vibrant Jewish population has nearly disappeared. World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision. Eastern Europe after 1945 usually meant all the European countries liberated and then occupied by the Soviet army. [3][9][10], Several definitions of Eastern Europe exist today but they often lack precision, are too general, or are outdated. [2], One definition describes Eastern Europe as a cultural entity: the region lying in Europe with the main characteristics consisting of Slavic, Greek, Byzantine, Eastern Orthodox, and some Ottoman cultural influences. The world’s population is increasing, with the United Nations projecting that it may grow from 7.7 billion people in 2019 to 9.7 billion in 2050. Russia, located in Eastern Europe, is both the largest and most populous country of Europe; spanning roughly 40% of the continent's total landmass, with over 15% of its total population. Fertility Rate: (Total Fertility Rate, or TFR), it is expressed as children per woman. The following countries are labelled Central European by some commentators, though others still consider them to be Eastern European.[30][31][32]. Some countries in Southeast Europe can be considered part of Eastern Europe. A surge of ethnic nationalism created a series of new states in Eastern Europe, validated by the Versailles Treaty of 1919. The East–West Schism (which began in the 11th century and lasts into the present) divided Christianity in Europe (and consequently the world) into Western Christianity and Eastern Christianity. Armour points out that Cyrillic-alphabet use is not a strict determinant for Eastern Europe, where from Croatia to Poland and everywhere in between, the Latin alphabet is used. the country of Yugoslavia split into: - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Croatia - … In the German reunification, the Federal Republic of Germany peacefully absorbed the German Democratic Republic in 1990. Many of the countries were still largely rural, with little industry and only a few urban centres. Yugoslavia and Albania had their own Communist regimes. INTRODUCTION. [12], There are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region". The region came under Ottoman rule in the sixteenth century up until 1829. Russia. country in Eastern Europe with lowest population density. Slavs. Many European nations that had been part of the Soviet Union regained their independence (Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, as well as the Baltic States of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia). The Eastern Europe Population (Live) counter shows a continuously updated estimate of the current population of Eastern Europe delivered by Worldometer's RTS algorithm, which processes data collected from the United Nations Population Division. [41] Parts of the Balkans and some more northern areas were ruled by the Achaemenid Persians as well, including Thrace, Paeonia, Macedon, and most of the Black Sea coastal regions of Romania, Ukraine, and Russia. The Ural Mountains, Ural River, and the Caucasus Mountains are the geographical land border of the eastern edge of Europe. Eastern Europe - 1950. The region stretches from the Arctic in the north to the Crimea in the south, and from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. The economies of this decade – similar to the previous one – show a moderate inflation. As shown in the map most of Eastern Europe’s population remains in the coastal areas or the surrounding areas as it provides a way of trade, travel ,and commerce. [56], In the case of fiscal policy, the legislative, the executive and other state organs (Budget Council, Economic and Social Council) define and manage the budgeting. Historians, until the 20th century, focused on master-serf economic and labor relations, portraying the serfs as slave-like, passive, and isolated. [citation needed] Next, the Soviets and their agents took control of the mass media, especially radio, as well as the education system. They participate in the European Union's Eastern Partnership program, the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly, and are members of the Council of Europe, which specifies that all three have political and cultural connections to Europe. Median Age: age that divides the population into two numerically equal groups: half of the people are older than the median age indicated and half are younger. They took control of the Interior Ministries, which controlled the local police. Today, approximately 600 to 1,000 Meskhetian Turks are still living in Georgia, the population drastically decreased in 1944 when Joseph Stalin deported approximately 100,000 of these Turks to Eastern Europe … Once part of the former Soviet Union, the countries of eastern Europe are now independent republics. Urban Population: Population living in areas classified as urban according to the criteria used by each country. The global population is expected to balloon to nearly 10 billion people by 2050, with Africa’s population doubling in that time and five of the world’s six inhabited continents growing significantly. The region was the main battlefield in the Second World War (1939–45), with German and Soviet armies sweeping back and forth, with millions of Jews killed by the Nazis, and millions of others killed by disease, starvation, and military action, or executed after being deemed as politically dangerous. "New Scholarship on Central and Eastern Europe. According to the Center for Educational Technologies at Wheeling Jesuit University, there are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region". [1] A related United Nations paper adds that "every assessment of spatial identities is essentially a social and cultural construct".[2]. Eastern Europe is formed by countries with dominant Orthodox churches, like Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine for instance. The new states were unable to form stable military alliances, and one by one were too weak to stand up against Nazi Germany or the Soviet Union, which took them over between 1938 and 1945. [4] Such definitions are often seen as outdated,[1][5][6][7][8] but they are still sometimes used for statistical purposes. Much of the landscape is forested. [citation needed]. Its population in 2016 is estimated at 738 million, which accounts for 11% of the world's population. The contribution to cover the finances for common needs is declared, the principle of just tax burden-sharing is supplemented sometimes with special aspects. Of these, those in italics are classified as Central and Eastern Europe in this source.[23]. Most of the constitutions define directly or indirectly the economic system of the countries parallel to the democratic transition of the 1990s: free-market economy (sometimes complemented with the socially [and ecologically] oriented sector), economic development, or only economic rights are included as a ground for the economy. [citation needed] The national Communists then took power in a normal gradualist manner, backed by the Soviets in many, but not all, cases. It is calculated as the average number of children an average woman will have during her reproductive period (15 to 49 years old) based on the current fertility rates of every age group in the countries within Eastern Europe, and assuming she is not subject to mortality. ", Publications Office of the European Union, Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography, Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations, Comecon (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance), List of political parties in Eastern Europe, Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, "United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)-Geographic Regions", "Regions, Regionalism, Eastern Europe by Steven Cassedy", "Population Division, DESA, United Nations: World Population Ageing 1950-2050", "The concept of "Eastern Europe" in past and present", https://www.pewforum.org/2017/05/10/religious-belief-and-national-belonging-in-central-and-eastern-europe/, "The History of Georgian Orthodox Church", "Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land", "Vodič kroz svet Vizantije (Guide to the Byzantine World)", "United Nations Regional Eastern European Group", "A List of Countries That Make up the Balkan Peninsula", "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency", Energy Statistics for the U.S. Government, "Borders in Central Europe: From Conflict to Cooperation", "Macroeconomic Legal Trends in the EU11 Countries", https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960777317000224, Mental Maps: The Cognitive Mapping of the Continent as an Object of Research of European History, Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin, Interview with historian Larry Wolff on "Inventing Eastern Europe", Emerging Europe - A new narrative for the region, Sovereign states and dependencies of Europe, autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark, Sovereign states and dependent territories, Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO), North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA), Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia (CUBKR), List of countries where Arabic is an official language, Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests, Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine–oak forests, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Europe&oldid=1016239383, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Donert, Celia, Emily Greble, and Jessica Wardhaugh.

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